Amaranth — Sources

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1. File a source note under research/<type>/ (academic, extension, government, books, growers, youtube) using the templates in templates/.
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3. Record the full bibliographic reference, what the source claims, our quality assessment, and the assigned evidence level.
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Candidate bibliography from the rforge sweep of 2026-08

Status: metadata-level candidates only — titles/DOIs verified in the search records (research/amaranth-seeds/), no full text read, nothing screened. Human screening and full-text-acquisition approval precede any claim extraction. Full survey: research/amaranth-seeds/report.md.

Biology / genome

• Draft genome of Amaranthus hypochondriacus (C4, high-lysine) — 10.1093/dnares/dsu021 (2014)
• Chromosome-level Amaranthus cruentus genome — 10.1111/tpj.15298 (2021)
• Transcriptomic analysis of grain amaranth — 10.1186/1471-2164-12-363 (2011)

Germination

• Temperature effects on germination of nine Amaranthus species — 10.1614/ws-03-012r (2004)
• Germination of grain amaranth (A. hypochondriacus × A. hybridus): seed quality × temperature — 10.1016/s1161-0301(97)00049-x (1998)
• Soaking/germination; anti-nutritional & bioactive — 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.11.019 (2021)

Planting / density / sowing date

• Row spacing × plant population × cultivar, grain amaranth (N. Great Plains) — 10.2134/agronj2000.922329x (2000)
• Optimal sowing dates of three grain amaranths, semi-arid Argentina — 10.5424/sjar/2004023-93 (2004)
• Planting density × poultry manure on A. cruentus — 10.15835/nbha3723458 (2009)

Water / drought

• Betacyanin photoprotection in A. cruentus under water stress — 10.1007/s11099-011-0062-7 (2011)
• Irrigation suitability, A. cruentus — 10.5897/ajps.9000154 (2008)
• Drought-tolerance screening in vegetable amaranth — 10.3390/agriculture11100994 (2021)

Soil / salinity

• Amaranth growth under salt stress — 10.1590/1983-40632016v4742580 (2017)
• Underexploited Amaranthus salt-stress strategies — 10.3389/fpls.2021.604481 (2021)

Fertilization

• Applied N and grain/veg amaranth yield-quality — 10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1078 (1990)
• Burkholderia growth promoters, grain amaranth — 10.1371/journal.pone.0088094 (2014)
• NPK × poultry manure, three Amaranthus — 10.1155/2014/828750 (2014)
• Maize-stover compost × N — 10.1016/s0304-4238(01)00305-3 (2002)

Pests / weeds

• Leafy amaranth insect pests, Kenya — 10.1093/jipm/pmz029 (2019)
• Weeding frequency, grain amaranth — 10.1016/s0261-2194(97)00017-3 (1997)
• A. hypochondriacus cultivar disease screening — 10.1007/s13237-020-00335-y (2020)

Harvest / moisture

• Seed moisture at hand-harvest/machine-thresh and seed quality — 10.15258/sst.2004.32.1.15 (2004)

Processing / seed cleaning (gap)

• Small-scale and portable seed cleaning (handbook) — 10.1201/b10312-68 (2016)
• Grain-cleaning equipment adaptation for small seeds — 10.3390/agriengineering7060179 (2025)
• Roller milling potential of amaranth grains — 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.11.006 (2016)

Drying / storage

• Microwave drying and amaranth seed viability — 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.12.019 (2022)
• Priming and storage effects on amaranth germination — 10.15258/sst.2006.34.1.18 (2006)

Popping / grain use

• Germination and popping; anti-nutritional & digestibility — 10.3390/foods11142075 (2022)
• Whole-amaranth flour bread — 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.07.031 (2012)

Yield / quality

• Yield and qualitative characterisation, A. hypochondriacus & A. cruentus — 10.4081/ija.2017.993 (2017)

Source types still needed (from the sweep gap analysis)

• Extension: Mexico (INIFAP) / Latin America amaranth production bulletins — not yet searched; essential for the Mexico suitability question.
• Growers / YouTube: manual harvest, thresh, winnow, popping (“alegría”) demonstrations — the academic literature is nearly empty on hand-scale processing; expected to fill the core human-scale gap.
• Books: small-seed grain handling / pseudocereal production and seed-cleaning handbooks.